Sign A Deal!

At some point, if things go well and you've been paying close attention to this blog, you may find that a label wants to sign you up for a single release. Often, they'll then send over a contract for you to sign. But what do all these terms mean? Everyone's heard about 'getting your lawyer to look over the contract' - but in the real world, no normal person is going to get a lawyer involved for a contract that might cover 300 vinyls and a handful of digital sales. These contracts are usually pretty perfunctory anyway, but there are a few things you need to know about. So let's take a look at some of the things you need to keep in mind as you scour that first contract!

First, there will be the 'term'. This is how long the contract will last (or to put it another way, how long the label will own your tracks). It's usually in perpetuity - that's forever - which is a touch harsh, we feel. Some more progressive labels these days use a term of something like 7 years, after which you'd be free to offer the tracks for free download on your own site, for instance. If this appeals, it might be worth asking to change the contract in this respect.

Then there may be some talk of 'an advance'. If there is, you're lucky - the advance is an endangered species and has been very rarely seen in the wild since about 2008. An advance is exactly what it suggests; you get some of your share of the profits up front. This is, of course, re-coupable - so if you get an advance of £200, then when the money comes in, the first £200 from your side will go to the label. If the record doesn't make that much profit, then technically you will owe the label the difference. In practice though, they can't charge you for it. An advance is definitely a positive - it shows the label has confidence in your release, and forces them to commit to working hard to make sure it sells enough to make the money back.

The 'option' is very important and commonly misunderstood part of some contracts, and will usually be used in a context like 'the option of two further singles'. This means that the if the label is happy with the release, they can exercise the option and extend the contract - thereby contracting you to deliver more singles (which they will also own). You would theoretically have no say in this. In practice, it's usually not as sinister as it sounds, many labels wouldn't exercise the option, and it's usually used by labels who want to develop with an artist, rather than constantly release different artists all the time. But it's important to check a contract to see if this clause is there, and to understand what it could mean for you. If you're not happy with it, ask for the clause to be removed.

Most contracts will also include the phrase 'the artist waives all moral rights'. This means that you waive your right to veto if, for instance, the label manages to get your track licensed to a cigarette advert or arms company. In practice, the number of arms companies that go around licensing underground dance tracks for their adverts is pretty much zero, and most dance tracks don't get licensed at all, let alone by morally suspect types. But again, if this bothers you, it's worth asking to remove it.

Publishing is occasionally mentioned in contracts, although it's more often a separate issue. But it's important. In short, when your track gets radio play, TV licenses, compilation use or anything like that, you're entitled to a royalty. A publisher rounds up all these royalties, takes a cut and passes the rest on to you. Often these days, especially with medium to large record labels, a label may want to sign the publishing on the track, as well as the recording rights. That's not necessarily a problem, but make sure you get some details on what their publishing arm is like - it should usually be 'sub-published' by a larger company who can handle the admin, and so on. There's nothing wrong with signing the publishing to your label, but make sure you're confident that they'll do a decent job!

Lastly, there's the issue of costs. In general, most dance music deals these days will just split the profit 50/50 after costs. That's about as fair as it gets - so just make sure that this is what is stated in the contract. We have seen a couple of contracts that split the cash before costs, and then take the costs out of the artist's side. This is old-school major label behavior, and not really suitable to today's landscape. If a label tries to pull this one on you, we'd suggest you politely take your tracks elsewhere!

One thing we've emphasised here is that you can always ask the label to change the contract. Many people, especially newcomers to the industry, are often too shy to ask for changes to the contract, worrying that it may somehow jeopardise their release. Not so - it just shows that you're keen to know what's going on, and paying attention. And anyway - if your tracks are genuinely good enough, there will be plenty of other labels who'd be happy to take them on should negotiations go sour.

As you can see, most contracts are actually fairly straightforward - the legal jargon can look impenetrable but in fact it's just wrapping up some quite simple concepts. So bear this in mind as you scan through that first contract from a new label, and don't be afraid to get in touch with them if you don't like the look of things. It doesn't need a lawyer after all!

Give Your Voice Some Room!

One step that many producers are keen to take at some point in their career is to work with a vocalist. It's something that can give tracks an extra edge, something that can add a catchy or memorable hook, and may even provide a touch more commercial potential. But writing tracks for vocalists can be very different from writing instrumentals. So what are the things you should look out for? Read on, as we take a deeper look...

The first thing to consider is that song structures for vocalists are going to be very different to normal electronic track structures. They may, in fact, even be actual songs! This is a far cry from the standard dance arrangement which usually goes something like 'intro, beats, breakdown, beats, outro'. Instead, you'll want to be thinking more about verses and choruses. Verses and choruses don't necessarily mean you need to be writing big soaring catchy pop melodies or anything like that. Listen to many of the big RnB or hip-hop tracks out there and you'll notice that the backing tracks often don't change a lot from the verse to the chorus - sometimes it's as subtle as a couple of extra percussion sounds or a pad line - but the point here is that it's sectional and pretty straightforward. Your author once sent a lovingly crafted backing track to a well known grime crew for a vocal - lovingly crafted to the extent that it had all sorts of interesting diversions, 4-bar bridges, little switch-ups and so on, and got back an email that basically said 'sorry, we didn't understand the structure, so here are 3 verses and 3 choruses'.

So the simplest thing is to aim for a structure based around verses and choruses that are 16 bars in length. Generally you can skip the extended beats intro - nobody wants to hear two minutes of kick drum while they're waiting for a vocal to come in - and the same goes for the outro too. If you need a DJ-mixable version you can do that later, once you've got the main track sorted. A short bridge section might help add variety if your vocalist is interested, but you should make sure that this or any other part of your track can be binned (or extended) if necessary. The main thing is the vocal, and you'll be working around it where possible. If your singer only wants an eight bar chorus, or no chorus at all, or has some other ideas entirely, you should be able to be flexible enough to do this.

Equally, since the main thing is the vocal, you should be leaving plenty of space for it in the arrangement. A super-busy percussion section, a huge lead synth, a massive 'filth' bassline - all of these are largely incompatible with a full vocal. That's not to say they have no place in your track - you just need to be careful of having things competing for space. You could try having a very simple chorus vocal which could sit on top of a filthy bassline, and then drop out the bassline (or Low-pass filter it) to focus on the vocal for the verses, for instance. But be aware that a lot of those little details which in an instrumental tune add a touch of interest for the listener, can simply distract from a full vocal.

When writing synth lines and melodies then, don't be afraid to put them in your original idea, but with a view to reducing or reworking them later. They can often give a singer ideas for melodies or harmonies - but then when you record the vocal, they may be masked by the very vocal they inspired. That's fine - don't try to mash everything into the mixdown all front and centre, you can chop them so that they simply accent or answer certain vocal phrases.

The summary of all this is that you should be thinking about the singer and the vocal they will eventually provide, all the way through the writing process. Writing a full track and hoping to graft a vocal on at the end will usually end in tears - you need to consider what the vocalist needs, what the vocal will mean for your arrangement, and how you may have to compromise certain aspects of the track to really make the vocal work. Flexibility is key. If you need to change the track around once you've got the vocal then do it - nothing should be set in stone!

We've covered producing and mixing vocals in a previous article, but if you write well for a vocal, then half your job is done already. So why not take the plunge - get in touch with a local singer, borrow a microphone off a friend and get writing. Who knows where it could take you!

Stay Focussed!

A common problem in the tracks of novice producers - and it's one that is manifested in a couple of ways - is that the tune lacks any kind of clear focus. Which is unfortunate, because often there's a great track in there just waiting to be unleashed. So how can you avoid this fate, and really let your tracks shine? Read on, as we suggest ways of taking a step back to see your tune more clearly...

It's a bit like taking a photo. You can point your camera at the most beautiful landscape, but if it's out of focus, or your brother's clapped-out motor is stuck in the foreground, it won't make for much of a picture. All the ingredients are there, but the end result doesn't quite work. And so it is with music - you might have a great groove, and loads of superb musical ideas, but unless you arrange and mix the tune to show off these strengths in the best possible light, you may just end up with a mess.

So the key is to identify the best parts of your track, and push them forward into the spotlight. If they're strong enough, they will carry the vibe by themselves. Cluttering up the arrangement will only distract listeners from the main theme of the tune, or worse, obscure it completely.

Consider Todd Terje's track 'Ragysh'. One of the standout tracks of 2011, it is defined by a huge breakdown, and runs to nearly 9 minutes in total. But there are essentially only 3 sounds in the whole track, plus the simplest of drum beats. No big risers or snare rolls in the breakdown, no crazy FX or edits, no acid line or ravey strings to bolster the track in case it gets dull. It just has strong melodic ideas shown off to their fullest, and the discipline to leave them alone.

At the opposite end of the dance music spectrum there's the junglist DJ Die, famous for his rollers. He's said in interviews that his motto is 'don't over season the soup' and it shows in his tracks; usually a beat, simple bassline and couple of samples for ear candy. He identifies the essential elements and pares the track down to just these - and the results are incredibly effective.

So you need to take this into account when you're writing. Don't fall into the slacker's trap of just doing the bare minimum - make sure there are plenty of ideas in your beat before you start arranging it, and then you can pick the strongest ones, discarding most of the others. (If you really like the sounds you're losing, you can always use them in the next track!) Start thinning things out, muting channels to see what works on its own and what's just filling out the spectrum. It should be possible to get down to the essence of what the track needs to be about.

You should then build the arrangement around these important areas; dropping other elements out when your main themes come in. Indeed it's often advisable to drop one major element out of the mix when another comes in, to let the listener focus more clearly on the new factor. If the main idea on it's own doesn't quite seem to cut it sonically, then instead adding another element, consider reinforcing it with EQ, adding some FX or perhaps subtly doubling it with a synth line playing the same pattern. Often the added sonic weight will work better than cluttering up the mix with more details.

Your mixdown process should be tailored to similar ends. Anything that isn't the main focus of the track can be pretty low in the mix, and it should lean towards the main idea - just listen to the average Rihanna track for instance, and see how incredibly loud the vocal is mixed. Many novices mix vocals way too quiet, and the vocal sits amongst the various elements of the track, instead of taking pride of place at the head of the mixdown.

The same goes for EQ - while your main idea should sound full, the supporting cast of your track can be whittled down to just what is needed. It's often advisable to use subtractive EQ on some of the background sounds so that they don't clash with your main theme. If you're not sure how to start, try using a frequency analyser on the main element of the track to see where it sits in the frequency spectrum, then doing a gentle EQ cut on those frequencies in some of the other sounds.

It's not easy to stay on top of all this as you're writing your tune. But it's essential to make sure that the essence of your track is not lost in amongst all the things you put in to support it! So make sure that at every stage of the writing process, you keep asking yourself - what is the focus of this track? Is it being pushed front and centre, so that it's the thing people will remember? Do these other parts really help, and do what they're supposed to do? Make it into a habit, and you'll soon find it becomes second nature. So keep writing, and stay focussed!

How To Find Your Production Style!

One of the biggest difficulties for a lot of producers, especially those who are just starting out, is finding and developing a recognisable style of their own. How do you get there? Where does this style come from?

Styles don't just develop randomly - they are usually a combination of influences and borrowed ideas from a range of music. It can be deliberate or subconscious, but it doesn't happen without plenty of creative input from somewhere. So let's take a look at how you can take influence from other artists, scenes and genres without stepping into those dangerous territories of pastiche, or worse, just plain rip-off!

It's all very well being a scene player - as we've outlined on this blog before, writing tracks that fit neatly into a particular scene can get you a fair level of recognition in that scene - but to really stand out you need to bring something else to the table. This is what the best producers do, and you can afford to be quite open about it, so long as you approach things in an artistic way. Consider the early tracks of bass music mainstay Untold - tracks like 'Stop What You're Doing' were a welcome breath of fresh air in a scene that was looking for new sounds, as they used huge bass stomps in place of kick drums. Untold himself was very open in interviews about how this was strongly influenced by Wiley's early productions, but what made it fresh was that he took this technique and incorporated it into a dubstep-inflected scene, combining the two to bring a whole new take on an existing style. As it was also extremely well-executed, it immediately catapulted him up into the ranks of respected producers.

A 'pastiche' is copying a style completely - take the melodic styles, the same kind of synth patches, the same drum machines or patterns, and write an original track. It's not plagiarism, as you've written an original piece, but people could easily think it actually came out years ago, when that style was originally popular. Writing a pastiche is often actually a lot of fun, and you can learn a lot from it, as you try to copy production techniques and figure out how they were done, but it will never excite people in the same way as something genuinely new.

So, a better way to think about incorporating other styles into your beats, is to take what you've learned about these genres and bring it into your existing tracks. This way you can take a signature sound from a genre and bring it wholesale into your own stuff, without compromising your identity. Basement Jaxx are a classic example; their tracks pull in samples and riffs from latin, soul and early 80's boogie records all the time, but since they are then putting these in the context of a UK house music sound, the result is something fresh and original.

Or take dBridge, who saw the sparse minimalism of early dubstep and started using those clipped halfstep beats in his drum and bass tracks. It was a straightforward concept, splicing together two existing genres, but it was a fresh new sound, and simply by dint of being one of the first people to do it properly, he was rightly hailed as one of the originals in the scene.

It's something you hear constantly in the evolving field of dance music. Right now producers across the globe are taking footwork and juke sounds and throwing them into bass music structures; veteran dubstep producers are taking their soundsystem roots and using them in house tracks; classic Chicago house drum machine beats are suddenly all the rage amongst UK bass music producers.

So instead of just waiting for your productions to develop their own signature style, take them by the scruff of the neck and make one! Draw on that love you've always had for salsa music, or classic New York house, or experimental noise, and start referencing it in your garage, jungle or hip hop tunes. Take influence from wherever you can, and don't worry about being too obvious – just make something new. Be bold, make a statement!